![high vs low viscosity high vs low viscosity](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/igneousrocks-geo-130306184305-phpapp02/95/igneousrocks-geo-26-638.jpg)
#High vs low viscosity iso
Lubricity was introduced as an ISO 8217 specification parameter with the release of the 2010 edition. ISO 8217 includes lubricity for clear and bright distillate fuels only when sulphur is below 0.05 % m/m. It is known that lubricity is not a critical parameter and only applicable to ultra-low sulphur distillate fuels e.g. The misconception is that lower viscosity fuels might be more susceptible to lubricity issues. Lubricity is the measure of the reduction of friction of a product. Easier to perform onboard fuel treatment (Stokes law) Requiring lower fuel temperatures so less thermal stress Therefore, low viscosity and low density fuel products are generally an indication of a better quality product.
![high vs low viscosity high vs low viscosity](https://images.solecollector.com/complex/image/upload/gh3wduqwopiszs6jbm2y.jpg)
These different blending components have inherently lower viscosity and density properties resulting in a lower density and viscosity product but with a higher overall quality. Instead, lighter blending components are being used such as higher quality refinery streams and even distillate fuels. To produce 0.50% fuels, it is no longer possible to use large quantities of low quality and heavy residual streams in the blend. With the introduction of the global Sulphur cap of 0.50%, density and viscosity were no longer the main blending targets, but instead it was replaced by sulphur as the main blending target. Viscosity was also a key blending target for refineries and fuel suppliers where blending was usually done using a low-quality, heavy residual stream (e.g cycling oils containing considerable amounts of highly abrasive cat fines). Historically, viscosity was used to order a fuel by indicating the grade based on the viscosity of the product. In reality, viscosity only becomes a serious quality concern when the viscosity is below 2 cSt. Viscosity is not an indication of fuel quality, and it is a misunderstanding that residual fuels with a lower viscosity automatically means that the product is lower in quality. It is used for the calculation of CCAI (the index of the ignition quality of residual fuel oil) It defines the heating temperatures for storage, transfer, fuel treatment and injection It is used as an indicator of the grade The significance of viscosity for marine fuels is such that The viscosity of a fuel decreases when the fuel temperature increases i.e. All rights reserved.Viscosity is defined as the resistance of a fuel to flow and is a measure of the fluidity of the product at a certain temperature. The term high viscosity should not be used as a descriptor of cement that reaches dough phase more quickly, but rather cement that has a higher viscosity at its dough phase when it is typically applied.Īseptic loosening biomaterials cement penetration cement viscosity radiolucent lines total knee arthroplasty.Ĭopyright © 2021 Elsevier Inc.
![high vs low viscosity high vs low viscosity](https://www.engineeringtoolbox.com/docs/documents/1759/dynamic_viscosity_sae_vs_temperature.png)
These findings suggest that the marketing description of HVC or LVC is not necessarily a factor in cement penetration. There were fewer tibial radiolucencies with HVC than LVC. There was no significant difference in maximum penetration in any zone between the two cements. Mean maximum cement penetration in 3 of the 4 zones was >3 mm with both cements. There were no cases of aseptic loosening in either cohort at a mean of 29 months. Depth of cement penetration and presence of RLL were measured in four tibial zones and were compared between cohorts.
#High vs low viscosity series
The HVC (n = 50) and LVC cohorts (n = 50) were gathered from two sequential series of primary total knee arthroplasties using the same implants and cementing techniques. We hypothesized that no significant difference would be found in depth of penetration or presence of RLLs between the two cohorts. We compared cement marketed as high-viscosity cement (HVC) with one marketed by the same manufacturer as low-viscosity cement (LVC). Previous studies have shown that the depth of cement penetration and the presence of radiolucent lines (RLLs) correspond with the risk of aseptic loosening in total knee arthroplasty, while others have found a correlation between the viscosity of the cement and the depth of cement penetration.